Processed using low emission mineral tanning formulas which are environmentally respectful, the hides are retanned in aged oak drums using vegetable agents, natural fat liquors, oils and dyes that ensure the leather is properly through dyed. Natural color variations may occur even within the same dye lot. Hydes from Europe and New Zealand Hide Size:Average 48 sqft; Thickness:0.9 — 1.0 mm; Wet Rub Test:(Nr 100): IUF 450 / UNI EN ISO 11640: ≥ 4 grey scale; Dry Rub Test:(Nr 500): IUF 450 / UNI EN ISO 11640: ≥ 4 grey scale Abrasion:(ASTM D 3884-92) 500 gram load: 1500 cycles; Alkaline ph 8:IUF 450 / UNI EN ISO 11640: ≥ 4 grey scale; Flexing Endurance:IUP 20 / UNI EN ISO 5402: ≥ 30,000 Tear Strength:IUP 40 / UNI EN ISO 3377-I: ≥ 20 N; Adhesion:IUF 470 / UNI EN ISO 11644: ≥ 3.50 N/cm; Water Repellency:AATCC 22-2010: 93; Light Resistance (xenon test):IUF 402 / UNI EN ISO105-B02: 5 blue scale; Flammability Resistance:UFAC Class 1, CAL TB 117-2013, NFPA 260; AATCC 130-2015: Grade 5 represents best stain removal (immediate); BIFMA Health Care Furniture 8.1-2017 Section 7: Household bleach (sodium hypochlorite). CDC/EPA recommended ratios (1:10 )